Knee Arthritis|Knock Knees|Virtual Knee Surgery

Over the years, high heeled shoes continue to be a popular fashion trend. So popular, it is causing some women to surgically alter their feet in order to fit into them. Even without this, there are health risks associated with wearing high heels.

1. A high heeled shoe forces the posture into an unnatural position that significantly stresses the joints. The spine, which in flat shoes is reasonably straight, forms more of an 'S' shape with the chest and lower back pushing forward and the hips pushed back. The height of the heel also changes the amount of weight on the forefoot. A 1-inch heel will increase the pressure by 22%; a 2-inch heel by 57%; and a 3-inch heel by 76%. This increased pressure puts the forefoot at risk for injuries such as stress fractures, bunions, and hammertoes.

2. Knee pain is common when high heels are involved. The heel height causes increased strain on the knee joint and associated tendons. The quadriceps muscle group in the front of the thigh works harder, increasing pressure on the kneecap by up to 26%. This can ultimately increase the incidence of osteoarthritis of the knee and quadriceps tendinitis.

3. When the heel is constantly elevated, the calf muscle and Achilles tendon can contract and shorten. Wearing high heels habitually can result in a woman no longer able to tolerate a flat shoe. On occasion, this can even require surgery to lengthen the Achilles tendon. Most often, however, this will increase the chances of Achilles tendinitis or shin splints.

4. The changes in posture and overall imbalance will lead to instability when walking and a resulting risk of ankle sprains. High heels, especially stilettos, will lead to instability and a major increase in ankle sprains result. An ankle sprain is caused from the twisting of the ankle and results in a tear of the ligaments that connect the foot and leg bones and stabilize the ankle. When the heel is balancing on a narrow stiletto heel, if the heel shifts outward slightly a sudden twist may occur to sprain these ligaments. Swelling, bruising and pain will result. At worst, it is possible for the ankle to fracture, a ligament can pull a piece of bone off, or even a bone in the foot can break due to the pull of a tendon.

5. High heels are enjoyed by most women because they are "cute." They are narrow and are contoured to make the foot look slender. The tight fit of many heels will force the toes to conform to its shape. The added pressure on the toes can exacerbate bunions and hammertoes. The pressure of the shoe itself can cause corns to form. Furthermore. The compression of the metatarsal bones can cause pressure on the nerves that run between them. A Morton's neuroma, which is a growth and inflammation of the nerve, can form due to the pressure. Remember, a shoe is meant to fit the foot, not squeeze it relentlessly.

While the overall percentage of women wearing high heels daily has decreased, the percentage reporting physical problems from wearing them has increased. This is likely due to the newer styles that have been introduced. Some have no choice but to wear the shoes for work, however comfort is a priority. Pain should not be a price for style. Be sure to always wear a shoe that is right for your foot. Of course, if the pain continues, be sure and visit your podiatrist.

The VMO, or vastus medialis obliquus, is the large tear drop shaped thigh muscle, that lies just above and on the inner side of the kneecap, or patella. It is one of the four quadriceps muscles in the front of the thigh, but it is the only one that attaches directly to the inner (medial), upper margin of the patella.

For this reason, it pulls inward on the kneecap and opposes the slightly outer (lateral) pull of the other three muscles. The VMO is most active in the last 30 degrees of extension, meaning that it helps to lock the knee out, fully straight. So, you can see that this one muscle has a strong influence on both the kneecap and knee stability, as a consequence of its anatomy.

Pain behind the kneecap usually results from a direct blow or a fall, or it may result from maltracking, meaning that the kneecap is pulled off its normal path, usually to the outside (lateral side), and often because the VMO is weak and can't counteract the pull of the other three quadriceps. Usually, this is accompanied by tightening or contracture of the soft tissues on the outer side (lateral side) of the kneecap, which makes it much harder to treat and correct the problem.

Some combination of these factors is usually involved in kneecap pain, which can also be accompanied by instability, or giving way of the knee. Over time, these factors can result in degenerative softening of the cartilage under the kneecap, a disease called chondromalacia patellae.

The other major source of pain in the knee comes from within the joint, either from a twisting injury that may injure a meniscus, one of the cushions within the joint, or a sprain of one of the ligaments, or an effusion, or "water on the knee," which results from inflammation of the lining membrane of the joint, the synovium. And, in the older population, degenerative arthritis within the joint is also a source of knee pain and instability.

In every case, strengthening the VMO is critical to relieving knee pain and restoring knee joint stability. So, what exercises are best for doing that? Here again, we take our lead from the functional anatomy. Since the VMO muscle fully straightens the knee, and is most active in the last 30 degrees of extension, we want to load the muscle within that range of motion, to strengthen it.

Isometric exercises, technically defined as muscle contraction without shortening, those done with the knee fully straight, can increase VMO tone and strengthen its tendinous attachments. For example, quad setting is done by tensing the straight leg, contracting the quadriceps, as hard as you can, for six seconds. This is particularly important when you have a fresh injury, or in the first few days after knee surgery. It adds strength, but without any movement of the joint.

Similar in effect is straight leg raising. Lying on your back, with the opposite leg bent up (to straighten your spine, and relieve stress across the lower back), you tense your quads, and, while maintaining the contraction, then slowly raise the straight leg up, to about 45 degrees. Then, slowly lower it again. To start with, try for 3 sets of 15-20 repetitions. This, too, is an exercise that is very useful in the immediate aftermath of an injury, or surgery.

Isotonic exercise is muscle contraction with shortening and what we normally think of as exercise, with overt movement of the joint. This type of exercise can utilize the resistance of bodyweight only, or additional external resistance, like free weights, or an exercise machine.

The simplest exercise is a quarter squat. With or without weights, with your back against the wall, simply squat down just a quarter of the way, approximating about 30 degrees of knee flexion, then stand straight and tense the quads strongly.

Even full range movements, like Full Squats or Hindu Squats, can be converted to VMO strengthening exercises by that isometric tensing of the quads, with the knee fully straight, with each repetition.

My personal favorite for working the VMO is the Hack Squat. In this exercise, you hold a barbell or two dumbbells behind your knees and leaning backward to put maximal stress on the VMO, do quarter squats. It's helpful to have a wooden block under your heels to help with balance.

Machine exercises are also useful, but leg press machines are probably better for your knee than leg extension machines, because the leg press loads your knee from above, and is more physiological (a "closed chain" exercise). This is especially true if you have kneecap disease, like chondromalacia patella, or patellofemoral arthritis. Here again, you can handle very heavy weight eventually, because you're using it for a very short arc, just 30 degrees.

Whatever exercises you choose, you will begin to notice an improvement in your pain and your stability within about 10 days, and real improvement within 30 days. As the VMO becomes stronger, your patella tracking will improve and your knee will subjectively feel more stable. Although this regimen can't cure everything, it can go a long way toward making your knees feel better and stronger. Give it a try.

Undergoing knee arthroscopy involves the use of a miniature camera, along with other surgical instruments, to view and assess knee joint tissue. Knee arthroscopy also go by the names Knee scope, an arthrospic lateral retinacular release; Synovectomy, and Patellar debridement

Describing the Procedure

After inserting a miniature camera, less than a fourth of an inch in diameter, into an incision in the knee, it is attached to a monitor to allow the surgeon a view of the knee tissue. In some cases, the patient can also opt to observe the surgery from this monitor.

It is a simple surgical procedure requiring only local or regional anaesthesia to numb the operation site. Throughout the surgery, the patient remains lucid and responsive. However, extensive surgery will require a general anaesthetic, rendering the patient to sleep without pain.

To expand the joint and help stop excessive bleeding, a saline solution is pumped under pressure consequent to the camera insertion. A tourniquet may also be applied to halt bleeding, as well.

After probing the knee to assess the damage, the surgeon will make up to four other additional cuts for the insertion of other instruments like:

· a blunt hook - for pulling on the knee and cartilage tissue
· a shaver - for the removal or smoothening of damaged and uneven soft tissues
· a burr - used to remove uneven or jagged particles of bone
· a heat probe - to eradicate synovitis (inflammation) from the joint

When surgery is completed, the saline solution is drained from the knee, the incisions are stitched closed, and a bandage or dressing is applied. A majority of surgeons document the procedure through pictures from the video monitor so the patient can see the steps undertaken during the surgery.

Reasons for the Surgery

Arthroscopy is undertaken for knee disorders which include:

• repair or removal of a torn meniscus


• mild forms of arthritis


• removal of loose fragments of bone or cartilage floating within the knee joint


• repairing a torn or damaged anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligament


• inflammation or damage of the synovium (joint lining)


• alignment of a skewed patella (knee cap)

Risks of Surgery

Anaesthesia risks include:

• allergic reactions to the anaesthetic


• respiratory impairment

Surgery risks include:

• excessive bleeding


• onset of infection

Other risks involve:

• Hemarthrosis, or bleeding into the joint


• cartilage, meniscus, or knee ligament damage


• symptoms remain unresponsive despite surgery


• stiffness of the knee

Prognosis (Outlook) of Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy has:

· eliminated the need for surgically opening up the knee joint
· diminished pain and stiffness
· minimal complications
· earlier recovery time
· shorter hospital stay

When a patient unencumbered by other arthritic complications undergoes surgery to repair a meniscal tear or to remove loose fragments of bone or cartilage, the procedure is simple and full recovery is expected. The presence of arthritis can greatly diminish arthroscopy effectiveness, and almost half of all patients do not experience improvement even after the surgery.

However, removal of the synovium in an arthroscopic synovectomy procedure has proven to improve symptoms in patients suffering from Rheumatoid arthritis. Arthroscopic-assisted surgery for the repair of the meniscus or knee ligament involves a more complex procedure and results in longer recovery time, with varied outcomes.

Recovering from Surgery

Recovery from a simple debridement (meniscal cleaning) procedure is quick, although crutches are required to keep the weight off the knee and lessen pain. Painkillers are also prescribed for pain control.

Other complicated surgical procedures involving repair and reconstruction will result slower recovery time and the inability to walk for up to several months to a year.

Funny how the football training pendulum swings.

A decade ago, only the top College Football schools used the Olympic lifts in their programs. Then, if filtered down to the point where just about every high school football player in the country was at least doing Power Cleans. However, over the last few years there's been a backlash against using the Olympic Lifts in football weight training programs.

The biggest argument for not using the Olympic lifts comes from the Powerlifting world where Box Squatting is king. It is said that Box Squats actually produce more explosiveness than Cleans.

Once and For All, What's More Explosive - A Power Clean or a Dynamic Box Squat?

A Power Clean starts on the floor, where the bar is picked up in a controlled manor, once the bar passes the knees, the athlete explodes the bar up and catches it in a 1/4 Squat.

In a Dynamic Box Squat (using chains or bands) the athlete un-racks the bar, sits back (pre stretching the hams and glutes), descends while getting pulled down by the force of the bands, sits and relaxes some muscles while keeping others tense, then has to activate all of those muscle fibers at once to explode the weight up.

From the description alone you should see which is better for football training!

Remember, we are after explosive football training here, the goal is not just to be strong but strong and fast.

Even when doing speed training for football, we are concerned with explosiveness rather than just straight-ahead speed. We need to build the muscles to be able to cut quickly or to deliver a shot that will knock the fool out.

However, this does not mean that Power Cleans shouldn't be done!

They will still build explosiveness, but from a different path. They are hugely helpful in bulking the upper back and traps as well.

For the hip-explosiveness gained from Power Cleans alone the effort to learn at least basic form is well worth it. Use them as an alternative Speed exercise or use them as your heavy leg movement. Keep the reps low, the sets high and get the bar moving as fast as possible!

So, should you use Box Squats or Power Cleans for Explosive Football Gains?

Actually, you should use both.

Box Front and Back Squats should be the foundation of your heavy leg training and Power Cleans should be used in certain periods to build your hip explosiveness and add mass to your traps and back.

If you choose to use Power Cleans, go with multiple sets of low reps, i.e., 6 - 8 sets x 2 - 3 reps.

You can also use Power Cleans right after Box Squats. But, you'll need to use a bit less weight on the cleans and concentrate on explosiveness.

Ginger has been touted consistently as a miracle food and drug. Are the praises heaped on ginger real and scientific?

Ginger: Topnotch Kitchen Staple
Ginger is native to South Asia, where it has been a part of the diet for over 3,000 years. Ginger was regarded as a rare, valuable treatment in Europe when Marco Polo first brought it back from Asia. Truly, ginger can do a lot more than put a snap in your cooking. It can take the crackle and pop out your joints. A new, rock-solid scientific study has proved the zesty spice is as good as prescription medicine at conquering arthritis pain.

Ginger: Alternative cure for Osteoarthritis
Ginger has played a major role in traditional Chinese medicine and in Indian Ayurvedic pain treatments for more than 2,500 years. Olympic track champion Carl Lewis, at one time the fastest man on Earth, claims ginger supplements are helping him with his battle with osteoarthritis, the most common form of the disease.

Now, researchers have compared the effects of concentrated ginger capsules with that of conventional painkillers in treating the inflammation of osteoarthritis, caused when the cartilage pads between joints gradually wear away.

During a six-week trial, 250 patients suffering moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee were given either a specific ginger extract or a placebo, a substance that has no medicinal properties. The ginger extract group took two 225-milligram pills daily. Both groups were allowed to take everyday acetaminophen pills if their pain grew too severe. By the end of the trial, two out of every three patients in the ginger group reported a market decrease in the crippling agony of arthritis. More importantly, the group suffered none of the severe side-effects-gastrointestinal upset, tissue damage and even internal bleeding--known to occur with powerful prescription arthritis remedies.

The ginger extract, according to the result, reduced significant pain. The pain after walking was almost twice as good an improvement as the placebo. The effect is similar to that seen with trials using conventional drugs.

The Many Uses of Ginger
It is used as seasoning to some baked goods like cookies, biscuits, pies, gingerbread, and to ad flavor to vegetable and meat dishes. It is also used as an ingredient of ginger tea, ginger ale, and other beverages. Ginger oil is used in perfume making and as an alternative medicine for certain common ailments like toothache and stomachache.

If you have ever suffered from pain in your knee then you are probably aware of how debilitating it can be. Doing any physical activity that requires the use of your knee becomes a chore that is dreaded. No matter what you do, your knee joint is one of the most commonly used joints in your entire body. Ensuring that you have knee pain relief is essential in learning how to manage your pain. Depending on the cause of your pain, there are many treatments that are available.

People who have injured their knee in an accident should consider getting a knee brace or crutch to help relieve the pressure of the knee. Sometimes the best thing you can do if you have a serious knee injury is to rest. By resting your knee you can give your body a chance to go through the magical process of healing. When you are nursing and acute knee injury, icing is a very good way to help keep down some of the swelling. By regularly icing your knee off and on every 15 minutes, you will act to restrict the blood flow to the knee. This will help reduce some of the swelling that you may experience.

For people who have chronic knee issues, you should consider finding a good treatment program to help you manage your pain. Knee pain relief is possible if you get a good program the puts a strong emphasis proactively treating your problem. Exercises like daily stretching and strengthening your surrounding muscles can help you alleviate some of the pain that you experience.

The knee is a joint, and it is the largest joint in the body. Your knees provide stability and flexibility for your body and allow your legs to bend, swivel, and straighten.

The knee is composed of the lower end of the femur (thighbone), which rotates on the upper end of tibia (shinbone), and the patella (knee cap), which slides in a groove on the end of femur. Large ligaments are also present in the knee. They help control motion by connecting the bones together and by bracing the joint against abnormal types of motion. The meniscus is another important structure of the knee. It is a wedge of soft cartilage between the thighbone and shinbone that acts as a knee cushion and helps the knee absorb shock when in motion.

Knee Injuries

The parts of your knee are all working as one. A stress or damage to any parts of your knee is generally considered as knee injury. Your knee joint's complex design and its active weight-bearing characteristic make your knee one of the most commonly injured joints.

Knee injuries are classified into two types:

• Acute injuries - Injuries which are caused by sudden trauma, such as an awkward fall, collision or twist of the knee joint

• Overuse injuries - Injuries which are caused by continuous activity or overload, such as running, jumping, cycling, weight training or bushwalking

Some Common Forms of Knee Injury

• Ligament injury - Injury to the ligaments usually result from trauma or playing sports. It may occur in the inner portion of the knee (medial collateral ligament), the outer portion of the knee (lateral collateral ligament), or within the knee (cruciate ligaments). Ligament injuries may also occur in several forms: a complete tear, a partial tear, a stretch injury, or an alteration in function caused by an adjacent fracture. An injury to the ligament in the knee is usually painful at rest and may be swollen and warm and may worsen with bending of the knee, putting weight on the knee, or walking.

• Meniscus tears - The meniscus can be damaged with the shearing forces of rotation that are applied to the knee during sharp, rapid motions. This is especially common with athletes who are involved in sports which require active body movements. Aging and degeneration may also increase the risk of meniscus tears. A single meniscus may have one or more tears. A rapid onset of a popping sensation can be felt during a knee movement or certain activities that can affect the knee.

• Patellar tendinitis - Tendinitis is inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon resulting from an injury, overuse, or aging as the tendon loses elasticity. Patellar tendinitis occurs in front of the knee below the kneecap at the patellar tendon. This knee injury is most common in athletes whose sports involve frequent jumping, such as in basketball, soccer, and volleyball. For this reason, patellar tendinitis is commonly known as "jumper's knee". The pain is usually found in the section of your patellar tendon between your kneecap and the area where the tendon attaches to your shinbone. Sharp pain can be felt during physical activity.

• Fracture - Excessive pressure in a bone can cause a crack or a split. This is referred to as fracture. Fractures usually happen due to aging, car accidents, falls or sports injuries. When a fracture occurs into or around a joint surface, that joint has an increased risk of developing arthritis because of the injury.

Nonsurgical Treatments for Knee Injuries

The knee is vulnerable to a variety of injuries. Mild knee injuries may heal by themselves. However, it is important that all injuries no matter how mild or severe, should be checked and diagnosed by a doctor or a physiotherapist. Prompt medical attention for any knee injuries increases the chance of having a complete recovery. Many knee injuries can be successfully treated without surgery.

Some forms of knee injuries such as fracture, ligament injuries could eventually lead to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that can cause joint pain, loss of function and reduced joint motion and deformity due to lack of lubrication. Viscosupplements are used to replace normal component of the joint involved in lubrication. Supartz Joint Fluid Therapy is a viscosupplement used as nonsurgical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. It replenishes the fluid in the knee that cushions the bones during physical activity. When a bone is properly cushioned, it is less likely to fracture or grow spurs which can cause pain.

For some athletes who have joint injuries, they look for quick relief through cortisone to reduce inflammation. However, cortisone can be very dangerous. They have an adverse effect on bone and soft tissue healing. Cortisone, as well as other corticosteroids can lead to a decrease in bone, ligament, and tendon strength. Sarapin can be used as an alternative for cortisone. It is equally effective with cortisone in reducing inflammation and providing pain relief. Typical joint conditions such as bursitis (inflammation of the synovial fluid-containing sacs called bursa), arthritis, and tendinitis can benefit from Sarapin. But unlike cortisone, Sarapin is non-toxic and has no damaging effect on cartilages, bones, and tendons.

Rehabilitative physical therapy may be recommended for proper healing of knee injuries. Specific exercises may be provided in order for your knee joint to improve in its range of motion and also to prevent stiffness and scarring as during your knee's healing process. Stretching and strengthening exercises may also be recommended to stretch and strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee.

Prompt medical attention and proper treatment for any knee injury increases the chances of a full recovery. Trying to rush your recovery after an injury before you get the "go-ahead" approval from a health professional just to get back to your usual activities can put you at risk for future injury and may further extend the healing process.

When looking for a treatment, it is best to choose a clinic that uses nonsurgical and nonsteroidal relief for knee pain. A physician that provides non-invasive and holistic treatment can be the most appropriate health care professional to visit. Having a treatment that values overall health and has less risks and complications is a great way to enhance recovery and prevent further injuries.

Why do you think your knee is stiff? Was it due to an injury?

Many people who engage in regular sporting activities do not think much about a stiff knee injury. They simply assume that is part and parcel of leading an active lifestyle. However, this can be a very dangerous assumption to make, as a stiff knee injury can often be an indicator of something more serious.

What Causes A Stiff Knee?

Stiffness in the knee joint is usually caused by inflammation in the knee area or in the surrounding ligaments and tissues. The tissues swell up, making it difficult for the knee to bend normally, leading to a stiff knee. If your knee meniscus is injured, the damaged meniscus can also create a stiff knee sensation. Another cause could be overstrained muscles or ligaments that have been injured and have tightened up. Injured muscles and ligaments can definitely limit the degree of movement in the knee.

Don't Ignore It!

Too many people who simply ignore a stiff knee injury end up with a worsening situation. This is because a stiff knee is simply the body's way of telling you that something might be very wrong with your knee. It is vital that you pay attention to it and figure out exactly what is wrong with it before continuing with your sport of choice. (Speak with your physician about your concerns.)

Overstrained muscles and ligaments could also pose a serious problem for anyone who enjoys sports. Normally, the muscles and ligaments provide support for the knee. They do this by helping to absorb some of the impact of running or jumping, for example. This helps to prevent too much pressure being exerted on the knee. When the muscles and ligaments have been overstrained, however, they are no longer able to perform their function at a high level. This could lead to impact injuries in the knee or even cause the kneecap to be pulled or shifted out of place.

What To Do If You Have A Stiff Knee Injury

The first thing to do is to stop any strenuous activities immediately. and request information from your doctor. This includes any activity that involves running, jumping, or walking long distances. Ceasing the activity that will cause you further problems will prevent you from causing any possible further injury to your knee. You can then determine if your stiff knee injury is really just due to tired muscles or if it is due to something more serious.

The best thing to do now is to let your knee rest and recover. While you rest it, you should also seriously consider wearing a knee brace. A knee brace is an excellent device for helping to prevent further injury in the future. Currently, these supports are very light weight and affordable, and they can help prevent excessive movements that will cause you further pain or injury. If it does not go away of its own accord, however, then it is time to consider the possibility that you may have sustained a serious knee injury and to talk about this with your physician.

Knee braces can really help someone in your position with improved knee stability and a reduction in pain. It is very important to consider a support now, because if you do not then in the future you might look back with regrets. This conservative treatment method could help you avoid an invasive surgical procedure in the future.

Do you have knee instability?

How about pain in your knee?

In many cases, someone can have instability of the knee and not feel any pain. In other cases, someone can have a great deal of pain in the knee and not feel any instability. When there is both knee instability and pain, the cause is usually a damaged cartilage or a torn ligament.

When you have injured your knee it is usually due to an accident or injury to the knee. Sometimes these injuries are self inflicted. Some immediate incidents, some come from natural wear and tear.

There are treatments for this type of injury that include surgery. Most doctors will prefer to treat a damaged cartilage of the knees with conservative treatment at first, rather than resorting to drugs or surgery.

Rest and Relief

One of the most common recommendations by doctors for knee instability and pain is rest and relief from the pain. The patient needs to get off their knee and keep it elevated. If the patient has to walk, they should do so by using a knee brace. To ease the pain, and add well needed stability so something bad doesn't happen. Over the counter medication can be used as well as ice packs to keep the swelling down.

Pain Medications

Many doctors will prescribe pain medication for damaged cartilage. Patients need to be aware of the fact that pain medications can be very addictive. If you are in severe pain, you can take pain medications, but be sure to take them as prescribed for the pain and do not overuse them or you will find that you build up a tolerance and need increasing amounts of the medication to get the same effects. (Speak with your physician prior to using any medications.)

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is another way that you can treat an injured knee. A patient needs to go to a qualified physical therapist for this option, however, as exercising the cartilage or injured ligament may result in more knee instability and pain if done incorrectly. Using proper techniques, physical therapy coupled with the use of over the counter pain medications and knee braces are often very successful treatments.

Knee Brace

A knee brace is often recommended for someone that has hurt their knees, as it will help to keep your knee in proper alignment. If you have a damaged cartilage or an injured ligament, most doctors will recommend that you use the knee brace rather than opt for surgery, unless a surgical procedure is the only way to help you. This type of support will often times help to alleviate the knee instability and pain that is often the result of a damaged knee cartilage.

Surgery

Let's face it. Sometimes surgery is unavoidable. When you have no other conservative options left your physician may require you to have surgery to help treat your knee. Wearing a knee brace after a surgical procedure can also be effective because they can help provide the meaningful support you need.

Vitamin D is likely to be the most popular nutritional supplement of the decade. Further studies attempting to further refine its optimal levels in the blood to reach more precise recommendations for daily dose. The fact is that the vast majority of people of all ages not getting enough of this vital vitamin.

Currently, the recommended intake of vitamin D in the U.S.A. Institute of Medicine is 200 UI per day to 50 years, 400 UI - between 50 and 70 years and 600 UI for people over 70 years. "Bearable limit", the same recommendation is 2000 IU per day for children and adults, but newer studies show tolerance and for 10,000 IU per day. People with serious vitamin d deficiency often receive prescriptions for 50 000 units vitamin d weekly until the problem is resolved. It is considering the raising of these recommended daily doses, but many experts expect changes only in the lowest values. Recommended daily intake of 1000 to 2000 units to people who are exposed to the sun, for pregnant women, nursing mothers and for people over 50 years. American Pediatric Academy recommends that breastfed infants receive additional 400 units daily of vitamin D until they are weaned, and then to drink at least a liter of vitamin D-fortified milk.

When may be overdone in obtaining supplies of vitamin D? And what are for the body 50,000 units vitamin D?

The body has a mechanism to terminate synthesis of the vitamin in the skin when it has reached optimum levels. This does not apply to cases when the vitamin is obtained by supplements and goes directly into the liver.Overdose occurs when prolonged and uncontrolled treatment with vitamin D is combined with intense sun exposure and active treatment with UV radiation. Symptoms of vitamin D overdose include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, general weakness, weight loss, and dangerously high levels of calcium, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones and irregular heart rhythm.There are healthy people who has received 10 000 units every day for six months without side effects. People with marked failure adopted by vitamin D 50 000 units a week while away their problems. If the amount of the vitamin is proper in your organism, then vitamin D 50,000 units can lead to the described symptoms. So it is important to consult the doctor before using this nutritional supplement.